Additional lighting may be necessary in a dimly lit room or as fill-flash for a back-lit scene. The camera's flash can provide that extra kick. The problem with on-camera flash is that the light is harsh and is pointed directly into the eyes of the folks you are shooting. The light reflected from the retinas of your subjects creates that awful effect, called red-eye. If your camera has a hot-shoe mount, then purchasing an external flash with a pivoting head will let you bounce the light off a ceiling and onto your subjects, avoiding the direct reflection from the eyes and thereby eliminating the red-eye effect.
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